Free Trade And International Trade - 1374 Words

Free trade occurs when there are no artificial blockades put in place by governments to restrict the flow of goods and services between trading countries. When trade barriers, such as tariffs and subsidies are put in place, they protect domestic producers from international competition and redirect, rather than create trade flows. This results in less productivity and competition. Free Trade promotes international trade, multilateralism, and the development of lesser-developed nations and increases the standard of living. American opulence rests on the framework of global trade. Free trade guidelines have created a level of contest in today s open market that produces persistent innovation and leads to better commodities, better-paying†¦show more content†¦The destruction created by these protectionist tariffs led succeeding U.S. administrations to support free trade after World War II. Americans today do not sew their own clothes, grow their own food, build their own houses , or buy only products made in their own states. It would simply cost too much, since Americans can acquire such items on the open market with comparative comfort and usually for cheaper prices. It makes economic sense to buy a product from another who specializes in such production or who can make it more easily or for less cost. This does mean that your local producers will have to compete with international competition and job protection is not granted. Free trade encourages competition, spurring companies to innovate and develop better products and to bring more of their goods and services to market, keeping prices low and quality high in order to retain or increase their market share. Since companies must compete with their overseas counterparts, American firms can take note of all the successes as well as the failures that take place in the global marketplace. Free trade also spurs innovation. The U.S. market has demonstrated repeatedly, particularly over the last decade, that competition leads to increasing innovation. This is unmistakable, for example, in the intense competition to create the latest personal computer at the lowest cost. In fact, AmericaShow MoreRelatedFree Trade And International Trade1382 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Essay 1 Free trade occurs when there are no artificial blockades put in place by governments to restrict the flow of goods and services between trading countries. When trade barriers, such as tariffs and subsidies are put in place, they protect domestic producers from international competition and redirect, rather than create trade flows. This results in less productivity and competition. Free Trade promotes international trade, multilateralism, the development of lesser-developed nationsRead MoreInternational Trade : Free Trade Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics Free Trade Free trade is a system in which goods, capital, and labor flow freely between nations, without barriers which could delay the trade process. There are many nations that have free trade agreements, and several global organizations promote free trade between their members. There are a few arguments both for and against this practice, ranging from economists, politicians, industries, and social scientists. A few barriers to trade are struck down in a free trade agreement. TaxesRead MoreMercantilist: International Trade and Basic Free Trade2907 Words   |  12 PagesChina a Neo-Mercantilist Nation?† a) Are the claims that China is following a neo-mercantilist policy valid?† why or why not? Yes, the claims that China is following a neo-mercantilist policy are valid because China has been trying to maintain a trade surplus (which is the definition of neo mercantilist); placing high import tariffs on certain goods (refer to qtn 3). Besides, the cheap currency encourages domestic investments, discouraging imports and also leads to cheap capital exports. What IRead MoreThe Philosophy of International and Free Trade1123 Words   |  5 PagesA trade liberalization process on a global scale has started since the post WWII period, with most countries pursuing the philosophy of international and national free trade. Even though the complete free trade has not been made possible yet, and maybe it will never be, numerous agreements have been made in the name of trade liberalization. They allowed the trade between different countries and within the same country to a certain degree of liberalization where several new business practices canRead MoreThe Development Of Free International Trade1385 Words   |  6 PagesInternational trade implies the openness of the economy. It is the antithesis of self-sufficiency economy, where a country can own efforts to cover all the needs of its citizens. Currently, the development of an open economy can be seen in many countries. The advantages of this trend are simple: international trade in general def ines the standards of the world market and couples with the reduction in the cost of goods. This happens due to the increased specialization in the distribution of productionRead MoreThe International Coffee Organization, Free Trade, And Fair Trade1208 Words   |  5 Pagesmillions of people to trade, process, grow, and produce coffee (BBC News). In this paper I will address if the coffee industry is fair to its producers and consumers. I will also discuss different fiscal organizations that directly affect the coffee industry’s prices like the International Coffee Organization, World Trade Organization, Free Trade, and Fair Trade. I will also touch upon of the coffee industry influences farmers, middleman, and consumers. In 1963, the International Coffee OrganizationRead MoreEconomic Theories Of International Free Trade Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagesintroduced by Adam Smith, which states that international free trade is in the best interest of the trading countries and the ever globalizing world as a whole. This essay shall compare the views of the great economists; namely Adam Smith and David Ricardo, on their economic theories of international free trade. Over the years of economic development and globalisation, trade has taken place between people and countries. Dating back to the beginning of AD, trade occurred between the Roman Empire, ParthianRead MoreChallenge For The International Free Trade Era1415 Words   |  6 Pages Challenge for the International Free Trade Era: US and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Paul Jonghyun Lee The College of William and Mary Challenge for the International Free Trade Era: US and the Trans-Pacific Partnership The dynamic nature of American political economy is evident in the fundamental changes in its trading policies. We live in an era of global free trade, where the food we eat are imported from Latin America and the furniture we store our Made-In-China shirts are fromRead MoreGlobalization Process, Free International Trade1789 Words   |  8 Pagesprocess, free international trade has over 100 years in the development history (Lawal 2006; Ocampo Martin 2003). At the first stage, free trade was happened within the North and South America countries, then together with the development of the world economy, trade liberalization has expanded to almost areas of the world (Ocampo Martin 2003). The most expansive and extensive period of trade liberalization is from the second half of the twentieth century to present. In this period, trade liberalizationRead MoreDo Agencies That Facilitate International Trade Prevent Free Trade?Ef803 Words   |  4 PagesAgencies That Facilitate Internatio nal Trade Prevent Free Trade? If the answer is yes, the assertion is that the concept of free trade is a gimmick or an unfair scenario. If a nation has more flexibility through trade agreements, and that nation also offers more subsidies to its exporters; other nations that may not be able to offer their businesses equal aid, will not be able to participate in true â€Å"free trade†. Countries like China and the US wield great power when it comes to trade. 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Coca Cola s Anti Obesity Advertisement - 1307 Words

The main purpose of large corporations like Coca Cola, or any corporations for that matter, is to sell. The public knows that, or so it claims. Does it completely understand that when it complains that Coca Cola’s advertising doesn’t reveal the entire story? Companies in this century have to do anything possible to sell the product, especially with all of the new nutritional information. Ideally, lying to the consumers would not occur, but companies must make a living somehow. However, even though so much evidence against any health benefits of Coca Cola have come out, the company really should not be marketing to the point where the advertisement is on the border of being propaganda versus persuasion. A YouTube video by the name of†¦show more content†¦What can be taken from these two articles together in conjunction with the YouTube videos is that advertising is a means to sell a product, not to inform the public of anything. It is, in a sense, propaganda. The first piece of evidence to take into account is the original advertisement by Coca Cola. The general idea of the ad is promoting Coca Cola’s new initiative to help stop diabetes. The video makes several points, including the new drinks that have little to no calories and smaller versions of popular sodas. The narrator also lightly touches on how Coca Cola has worked with schools to lower the amount of products sold there (Marketsmith Inc.). At first view, the advertisement seems to be a very positive one with a great message. Looking back over it however, it is easy to notice the fallacies throughout. Coca Cola states that the company is fighting to stop diabetes, but common knowledge suggests that drinking sodas or any form of empty calories is a large contributor to the disease. The commercial then goes on to state that 180 out of over 680 drinks have low calories or none at all. The number seems high until it processes that the amount of drinks with low calories is bare ly a quarter of the total amount of drinks Coca Cola has to offer. That’s not much. It may not seem like such a big deal that Coca Cola is withholding some information from viewers. People do that all the time when they meet new people. The problem is that

Comment on Shakespeare’s portrayal of Othello Free Essays

In Shakespeare’s time black people were classed as second-class citizens. They were often looked at as devil-like and evil. This was, however, a stereotypical view, often accepted by the people of Shakespeare’s day. We will write a custom essay sample on Comment on Shakespeare’s portrayal of Othello or any similar topic only for you Order Now People looked at the Bible to show that black people were devil-like and evil. The Bible tells the story of Noah and the Ark. In the Ark it was forbidden to have children, as there would not be enough food. However, Ham, one of Noah’s sons, decided to disobey these rules, as he wanted to have the son who would be ruler of the world. When Noah found out and they returned to land, Noah banished Ham to Africa. Ham had committed sin and was evil and devil-like because he had disobeyed his father for his own self-interest, risking the lives of others in the Ark. As black people were said to have originated form Africa, where Ham was banished, they could be descendants of Ham, who was evil, and therefore black people were evil and devil-like too. Black people were also said to be over-sexed, unstable, irrational, suffer from fits, and be devil-like. In the prejudiced mind, Shakespeare presents Othello to match all of these stereotypical categories that black people were said to be. People with an open mind, however, can simply see that Othello is a man in love. In Act 4, Scene 1, line 40, Othello has a fit. This matches with the stereotypical view that back people have fits. However, Othello has a fit because he was in a rage. The reason being that he had become so disturbed by the stories of his beloved wife having been unfaithful. It is possible for anyone, white or black, to have a fit if they were as distressed as Othello was. Othello may be seen as over-sexed. He talks in a very passionate manner. Shakespeare presents Othello to have a glorified situation of his and Desdemona’s affection for each other. It is more likely; therefore, that Othello is infatuated in their love than over-sexed. The depth of his passionate language, in which you can see that his love is more than a hallucination, is shown throughout the beginning of the play. â€Å"Amen to that, sweet powers/ cannot speak enough of this content/ it stops me here: it is too much joy†(II i 188). Othello declares this after he and Desdemona are reunited after their journey to Cyprus. Othello is talking passionately to Desdemona, however, this does not immediately prove him of being over-sexed, it shows the love he is sharing with Desdemona. Othello could be seen as irrational when he kills Desdemona by smothering her, Act 5, Scene 2, and Line 85. Iago, however, is far more irrational then Othello ever could have be seen to be and Iago is white. Iago’s irrationality can be seen in one of his soliloquies. † I’ll have our Michael Cassio on the hip, / Abuse him to the Moor in the rank garb-/ For I fear Cassio with my night cap too-â€Å"(II i 286-288). Here Iago is saying how he believes his wife has been sleeping with Cassio, of which he has no verification. He says in effect that he wants Cassio dead. This shows Iago’s irrationality because he has no reason to have Cassio dead, or to even contemplate that he has slept with his wife. Iago provokes many deaths, without remorse, which shows that he has extreme irrationality. Being devil-like was another typical view people had of blacks. Othello while he is in a rage could be seen as devil-like. † Therefore confess thee freely of thy sin;/ For to deny each article with oath/ Cannot remove nor choke the strong conception/ That I do groan withal. Thou art to die† (V ii 54-56). Othello speaks these words to Desdemona before he murders her. Othello has no prove of her infidelity, except from what Iago has told him. Othello is in a huge rage as he is about to kill her and therefore could be seen as devil-like. Iago is also very devil-like, more than Othello and he is white. This contradicts the stereotypical view of black people in Shakespeare’s’ time. Act 5 Scene 2 Line 235 Iago kills his wife Emilia for speaking of Desdemona’s faithfulness, therefore showing Iago’s deceitfulness. Shakespeare cleverly presents Othello stereotypically, but also as a normal person. He could have done this to suit the different audiences, but he may have used these contradictions as a way of making people less prejudiced. Shakespeare thought carefully about the presentation of Othello’s character as it shows two sides of a black man. Othello is a great general who has also won the affections of a white woman. Shakespeare was not the first to have presented a black man on stage. But he was the first to have not presented that black character as beastly and ferocious. He presents a warrior with great passion. Othello’s language throughout the play is full of great passion. â€Å"All’s well now, sweeting; come away to bed†(II i 234). This is one example of Othello’s passion. At this point in Othello his passion is only towards Desdemona in a loving way. As Othello develops, Othello’s passion changes as he becomes wrapped in a passion of jealousy. Othello then becomes an uncontrollable, violent man. Othello never stops his passionate loving for Desdemona but feels it his duty to kill her before she breaks more men’s hearts. â€Å"Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men†(V ii 6). Othello says these words to himself while Desdemona is sleeping, before he is about to smother her. At the beginning of Othello you would never have thought that anything could ever come between a couple bearing so much love for each other. However, all that was needed to break this loving couple apart was Iago, gently introducing ideas, mentioning, just little things like Cassio’s quick departures from Desdemona. â€Å"Cassio, my lord; No sure I cannot think it/ That he would steal away so guilty-like, / Seeing you coming.†(III iii 38-40). Iago keeps slipping in comments about Desdemona, until Othello becomes so caught up with jealousy that he is convinced of his wife’s unfaithfulness. As Othello has so much passion, his anger is brewed into a huge mental tornado, which takes time to build up, but when at full strength can destroy even what seem like the strongest things, Othello and Desdemona’s marriage, and resulting in the death of Desdemona. How to cite Comment on Shakespeare’s portrayal of Othello, Papers

Process Of Internal And External Legitimacy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Process Of Internal And External Legitimacy. Answer: A leader is one who knows the way, shows the way and goes the way Leadership is not about the great explorers or CEOs of big companies while leaders are mainly responsible for guiding and leading people at middle and small levels for managing their work. A good leader needs to adopt certain strategies which could help its subordinates to know the best path to walk on, to get the clear understanding in relevance to the path through which expected outcomes could be accomplished. The most important is leader should be present with its subordinates in every situation and in the middle of task to guide them if they face any obstacle or glitch in the process. This builds up the confidence amongst the subordinates as well as it also helps the organization to acquire desired outcomes in an effective manner. Leadership is a wide approach which is categorised into three areas such as trait-based, situational and behavioural approach. With the help of these three approaches, leadership term could easily be evaluated and understood (Aaker Joachimsthaler, 2012). Trait based approach This theory focuses on individual leader and their perceptions. It also determines the personal values shared by great leaders. Following are certain traits which an individual can adopt and learn in order to increase its efficiency with passing time: Enterprising spirit: These are a set of characteristics which imitate the high level of efforts. High commands for attainment, aspiration, persistence, energy, etc. are certain elements of enterprising spirit (Allio, 2012). Loyalty: Loyalty is the honesty towards work and towards the teammates by leader. This builds up the confidence level of the leader as well as of its teammates on each other. This trait helps them to increase their efficiency in terms of accomplishment of the tasks. Integrity: It could be measured by an individuals actions and words. Leader should be on his words because the leader who promises but does not accomplish the same is not considered as a good leader (Bel, 2010). Self-confidence: This is the most crucial quality of a good leader as it helps the leader to tackle the obstacles raised during accomplishment of the task. Leader with self-confidence is sufficient enough to motivate its employees in terms of accomplish the desired targets. Knowledge: Leader should be knowledgeable enough about the company, industry and technical matters in which he works. This type of knowledge helps the leaders to spread awareness amongst its teammates as well as it is an essential tool in terms of increasing the organizational efficiency (Bolman Deal, 2014). Above mentioned traits have significant impact over the leadership approach as well as these elements prove that a leader with above traits fulfils such requirements i.e. knows the way, goes the way and shows the way (Drori Honig, 2013). Behavioural approach This approach focuses on the actual performance of a leader rather focusing on the internal traits and capabilities of a leader. Following are three crucial categories of leadership behaviour: Task performance behaviour: These are the efforts put by the leader and its teammates in attainment of the organizational goals and the objectives. Under this category, behavioural focus is made on the increasing the work efficiency, accuracy of work, quantity to be delivered, adherence towards work, and quality (Northouse, 2015). Group maintenance behaviour: This is an important task for leaders as it helps the organization to attain better results from team work and such practices. For maintaining the connection amongst the team members along with developing interaction amongst them, team leader needs to adopt various strategies such as team get-togethers, team discussion, etc. This helps the teammates to exchange their views and better understating amongst each other gets developed. This shows the capability of a leader (Northouse, 2017). Participation in decision making process: Decision making process of leader shows its real qualities which can be classified in autocratic and a democratic leader. Autocratic type of leaders takes their own decision without taking suggestions from any one and without involving any one in the decision making process and then announces the decision over the team members. While democratic leadership takes suggestions from its team mates, studies the past performance attained, takes guidance from the management of the organization, and then takes the most accurate and effective decision for the benefit of the organization. Situational approach This approach differentiates amongst the leaders and the other persons on the basis of qualities, practices, behaviour, etc. Leaders regulate their decision-making, motivational approaches, and orientation based upon a unique mixture of factors in their individual conditions. These factors include: Followers characteristics; Projects type; Structure of organization; Influence of upper-level management; Personal preferences; and The style of leadership managed and moulded on the basis of managements requirements. Organizational learning approach It is the approach used for increasing the efficiency of the organization through transferring the knowledge amongst the different departments of the organization. With the passing time, an organization becomes capable enough to gain a certain amount of experience along with attaining the effective position in the market (Northouse, 2017). Examples for increasing the efficiency of organization may include ways to enhance the production efficiency or to develop beneficial investor dealings. Knowledge is created at four different units: individual, inter organizational, group, and organizational. With the help of learning curve, organizational learning could easily be measured. Learning curves shows the relationship between the organizational functionalities with production of goods and services. It increases the productivity, efficiency, reliability and the quality of the product along with diminishing outcomes. Due to organizational learning rates, learning curves vary. Learning rates of organization are affected by routines and procedures of coordination, improvements in structures, technological improvements in organizational premises, and by individual proficiency. Example of good leadership in organization Steve Jobs was one of the greatest leaders in the industry and his leadership style was also unique. His attitude towards work and towards his teammates was effective as well as efficient enough to extract the best work from them. With the help of his unique styles and strategies, he uplifted the Apple INC. Company to a next level. Following leadership attributes were adopted and implemented by Steve Jobs in his career to upgrade the companys effectiveness and the efficiency. This helps the company to become the most valuable and leader in the consumer electronic goods manufacturing industry (Gladewell, 2011). Coercive power: With the help of this attribute, Steve Jobs was able to influence the whole team over one decision in relation to attain the desired objectives for the organization. He was capable enough to show the right path to his teammates. Along with this, he was also able to direct them on the showed path through an effective way which could help them in upgrading their efficiency as well as it also leads to the attainment of personal objectives of leaders (Shah Mulla, 2013). Legitimate power: These powers are available with a higher level leader and these are also used for influencing and making all the employees of the organization agree on one decision finalised by the upper level management (Isaacson, 2012). Reward Power: He used to implement this technique to motivate their friends, employees and its partners to perform in the direction in which he wants. It was the unique quality of Steve Jobs which tuned him as the great leader, innovator as well as an effective manager who used to perform his duties for uplifting the organizational image in the competitive business environment. Rewarding an employee for his or her good performance is a good source to motivate them and it is useful resource to enhance the organizational as well as of the employees efficiency. Importance of leader Leader plays an important role in every aspect of the life. Leader is required at the society level, at organizational level as well as at the personal level. To guide a group of person in one direction, a good leader is required which could help the group to attain effective results as per the expectations. Initiates action: Leader initiates certain crucial actions which are required for acquiring the desired outcomes by considering the plans, policies, rules and regulations of performing the particular task. Motivation: It is the duty of a leader to motivate all members of the group at any level towards the work. He is responsible for getting the work done by subordinates through rewarding its teammates through economic and non-economic sources. From the aforesaid information, it can be concluded that leaders and their leadership styles are plays an important role for an organization, for society as well as at the personal level in order to attain something good and effective. This essay reiterates the leadership styles and various other aspects which are necessary for attaining the desired outcomes. The statement A leader is one who knows the way, shows the way and goes the way has been thoroughly studied and explained under this essay. References Aaker, D.A. Joachimsthaler, E., 2012, Simon and Schuster, Brand leadership. Allio, R.J., 2012, Leaders and leadershipmany theories, but what advice is reliable,Strategy Leadership,vol. 41 (1), pp.4-14. Bel, R., 2010, Leadership and innovation: Learning from the best,Global business and organizational excellence,vol. 29 (2), pp.47-60. Bolman, L. Deal, T., 2014, Leadership and management,Christian Youth Work in Theory and Practice: A Handbook, pp.245. Drori, I. Honig, B., 2013, A process model of internal and external legitimacy,Organization Studies,vol. 34 (3), pp.345-376. Gladewell, M., 2011, The real genius of Steve Jobs, The New Yorker. Isaacson, W., 2012, The real leadership lessons of Steve Jobs,Harvard business review,vol. 90 (4), pp.92-102. Northouse, P.G., 2015,Sage publications, Leadership: Theory and practice. Northouse, P.G., 2017,Sage Publications, Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice. Shah, T. Mulla, Z.R., 2013, Leader Motives, Impression Management, and Charisma: A Comparison of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates,Management and Labour Studies,vol. 38 (3), pp.155-184.

The Article Rate Of Temperature Increase In Human Muscle During 1MHz A

The article "Rate of temperature increase in human muscle during 1MHz and 3MHz continuous ultrasound" was based on a study where twenty-four college students were used to see the effectiveness of ultrasound for tissue temperature rise. The students had thermistors inserted into their left mediceps surae muscle belly, to measure the tissue temperature at different frequencies and intensities. Twelve students were used to measure tissue temperature at 1MHz and the other twelve were used for 3MHz. All were lying prone and participated in four applications of the ultrasounds at different intensities: .5,1.0,1.5. and 2.0 w/cm2 each for ten minutes. The study proved that ultrasound is effective in heating tissues and that stronger intensities may have to be used to heat deeper tissues.

Free Essays on Henry Adams

Henry Adams believed that the mass majority of his students were â€Å"sluggish-minded boys† (301) that would take any information as fact solely because it came from a professor’s lecture. He describes that students are difficult to engage in discussion which coerced him to â€Å"devise schemes to find what they were thinking about† (302). He also portrays students as too â€Å"agreeable† to professors’ suggestions. Adams’ perceived his students as sheep-like individuals or people who would just go with the flow. They never really made any effort to question or engage their professors in conversation about claims. In Adams’ opinion â€Å"the only privilege a student had that was worth his claiming, was that of talking to the professor†. He believes that students should take advantage of opportunities to actually talk to the professor to further benefit their understandings of material. I agree with Adams’ assessment of his students mainly because students have not changed much since then. The majority of students are still going to school not for the sake of learning, but for that â€Å"A† on an exam. Most students still go to class just for the information so they can do well on the test or paper, get their college degree, and make lots of money. Very few go to class to exchange ideas with their professor or feel inclined to investigate certain material. From personal experience, I believe students are still sluggish or sheep-like, too dependent on their professors, and are pursuing a higher education for the wrong reasons. Adams stated that â€Å"nine minds in ten take polish passively, like a hard surface; only the tenth sensibly reacts† (302). Most students are pretty much â€Å"mindless†, just looking toward the professor for the answers. The nine minds that take polish passively, like a hard surface, are just going with the flow to get by. In their minds, whatever the professor acknowledges is true, and there is... Free Essays on Henry Adams Free Essays on Henry Adams Henry Adams believed that the mass majority of his students were â€Å"sluggish-minded boys† (301) that would take any information as fact solely because it came from a professor’s lecture. He describes that students are difficult to engage in discussion which coerced him to â€Å"devise schemes to find what they were thinking about† (302). He also portrays students as too â€Å"agreeable† to professors’ suggestions. Adams’ perceived his students as sheep-like individuals or people who would just go with the flow. They never really made any effort to question or engage their professors in conversation about claims. In Adams’ opinion â€Å"the only privilege a student had that was worth his claiming, was that of talking to the professor†. He believes that students should take advantage of opportunities to actually talk to the professor to further benefit their understandings of material. I agree with Adams’ assessment of his students mainly because students have not changed much since then. The majority of students are still going to school not for the sake of learning, but for that â€Å"A† on an exam. Most students still go to class just for the information so they can do well on the test or paper, get their college degree, and make lots of money. Very few go to class to exchange ideas with their professor or feel inclined to investigate certain material. From personal experience, I believe students are still sluggish or sheep-like, too dependent on their professors, and are pursuing a higher education for the wrong reasons. Adams stated that â€Å"nine minds in ten take polish passively, like a hard surface; only the tenth sensibly reacts† (302). Most students are pretty much â€Å"mindless†, just looking toward the professor for the answers. The nine minds that take polish passively, like a hard surface, are just going with the flow to get by. In their minds, whatever the professor acknowledges is true, and there is...

The Paradoxes of Nietzsche's Introduction of valuesinto Modern Culture Essay

The Paradoxes of Nietzsche's Introduction of valuesinto Modern Culture - Essay Example The actual definition of â€Å"values†, its appreciation and proper evaluation has always remained an issue of great debate as well as dilemma throughout the entire domain of philosophical development. The progress of human civilization, cultural influences, and adoption of different attitudes towards interpretation of such influences have provided several dimensions in the context of defining values, or from the ethical perspective what can be said to be moral values. The issue of debate or dilemma evolves from the very basic argument that is there any universal definition of values or moral values or morality? During various phases of human civilization and contextual philosophical dimensions values have been interpreted in different manners. What is regarded as values, or morality for people belonging to a particular socio-cultural context in a specific time period, may not have the same acceptance among people living in another socio-cultural context and a different phase of time. However, the terms, â€Å"values† or â€Å"morality† or â€Å"moral values† receive a universal connotation empowered with the common appreciation that while living in a social context, individuals are required to abide by certain codes of conduct or norms that, besides ensuring his/her enjoyment of social rights as a human being to the best extent possible, also aims inciting such motivation among the inhabitants so that same scope of enjoying human existence can be provided to fellow counterparts. Truth behind this observation receives a strong foundation if Gert’s (1998) opinion on moral values or morality is taken into consideration: â€Å"Morality is an informal public system applying to all rational persons, governing behavior that affects others, and has the lessening of evil or harm as its goal† (Cited in Alavudeen, Rahman, and Jayakumaran,

Public International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public International Law - Essay Example Yet the concept of intervention doesn’t take place in abstraction. It is interconnected with the ideals of national sovereignty, international relations and foreign policy, politics and the growth of the international community. These linkages are what inform philosophical thought and public opinion on the subject today2. Those arguing against intervention for human rights say they compromise basic features of state sovereignty since human rights are claims that states cannot do anything they want to however even among legal scholars, notions of sovereignty are coming under pressure to include understandings that would allow or even require intervention by outsiders in cases of humanitarian crisis and gross human rights abuse. Historical, Political and Philosophical Background The state is the fundamental ingredient for political self-determination, thus according to Michael Walzer intervention should be staged only when the basic purposes for which the state was formed have n ot been achieved. The legitimacy of states is limited to waging internal wars that go on without the acts shocking the conscience of mankind3. Of course there are scholars who think that Walzer’s ideas are far too liberal. The fact is that states monopolize defense and security matters within their territory4. The Soviet Republic murdered over 50 million of its citizens in cold blood, in Yugoslavia the numbers were over a million, in Darfur it was in the hundreds of thousands. This sobering statistics justify the assertion that it is the most dangerous threat to civilian existence today. Since the 2001 enactment of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) international law... The paper tells that the state is the fundamental ingredient for political self-determination, thus according to Michael Walzer intervention should be staged only when the basic purposes for which the state was formed have not been achieved. The legitimacy of states is limited to waging internal wars that go on without the acts shocking the conscience of mankind. Of course there are scholars who think that Walzer’s ideas are far too liberal. The fact is that states monopolize defense and security matters within their territory. The Soviet Republic murdered over 50 million of its citizens in cold blood, in Yugoslavia the numbers were over a million, in Darfur it was in the hundreds of thousands. This sobering statistics justify the assertion that it is the most dangerous threat to civilian existence today. Since the 2001 enactment of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) international law policy makers have been trying to develop doctrines of limited sovereignty that aims at givi ng the international community or specific international organizations leeway or duty to undertake intervention in cases of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing. The framework of humanitarian intervention isn’t clearly defined. This is amplified by the fact of intervention being not just a moral, but a legal issue as well. The mechanics of humanitarian intervention requires a political body to decide upon and authorize military action and the military force itself that carries out such action.

Functional Level Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Functional Level Strategies - Assignment Example Through the use of a variety of various marketing strategies, the company has navigated through all the kinds of competition that have come its way. The primary mission of the HR department in any business organization is to provide guidance, facilitation, and coordination in the unit (HRM guide 2009). It also engages in efforts to offer innovative and cost-effective human resource projects that lead to measurable outcomes whose aim is to support the strategic goals of the organization. This is achieved through recruiting, retaining, developing, and rewarding the staff which is their most prized resource. In this engagement, the human resource office provides equality of opportunity and equity at the workplace to all members of the Coca-Cola community. The future of any company depends on how well the employers of the company are treated (Storey 1999). In that aspect, the human resource department is a very vital department in the organizational setup. It is the people and not the technology or any other production factor that makes a company. The benefits that accrue to the aspect of human resource management are quite enormous. Given the fact that this is a global company with a wide range of variations in its composition of staff, then it requires great skills in harnessing the differences towards achieving unity of purpose to execute the different tasks that the company does engage in (Scribd 2008). the personnel department is charged with the responsibility of job analysis. This involves the process through which the necessary duties and skills of a specific job are determined. The objective of the department would be a job description and secondly job specification. The department thus gets the education requirements, personality issues among other things that affect the job vacancies to be filled (Allen 1994). The HR department also develops the appraisal criteria to be employed in the different jobs on offer.  

Effectiveness Of Motivational Strategy In Habib Bank

Effectiveness Of Motivational Strategy In Habib Bank In this modernized world where globalization is fast crating an effect, the workplace realities of the ancient organizations no longer exists (Roberts, 2003). It has become past and needs to be revised very carefully before any aspect of it can be implemented nowadays. It has become increasingly important for the organizations to introduce new methods and meet the new motivational needs of the employees. The reality of workplace, the changing work environment has increased the end for the managers to reconsider the methodologies of developing durable and strong relationship between the employees and organization that ultimately leads to the achievement of the organizations goals and objectives. A thorough and complete understanding of the employees motivational need has became important for the management in order to accomplish what employees expect from the organization in order to return what organization expect from them ( Beer et al, 1984).. Therefore it becomes clear from the re searches that a motivated work-force is an instrument of success for full filling the needs of a rapidly changing work environment for both, the employees and the organization. It also becomes clear that a well- motivated workforce will eventually lead to the organization achieving its goals and objectives in a better an efficient manner. To serve this purpose ob building a strong bond between the management and workforce, the role of the top management is very crucial in this respect. According to Carnige (1985), human capital is capable of playing a pivotal role compared to financial capital, in the effectiveness of the organization. In modern times people are believed to me a source of competitive advantage and carry more importance in leading a company towards success, rather than finance. What is actually motivation and how and why does it matter? In business terms, motivation is the desire of a firm to see a job done well and quickly. The highly motivated workforce becomes an instrument for the business to achieve its goals and objectives as cost effectively as may be possible. Motivated worker also try to reach their own personal objectives. The employers should be well aware of what these are .This is because the greatest motivation will develop if workers feel that working towards the business objectives is ultimately helping them achieve their own goals. A milestone in a success of an organization is fulfilling the continually changing needs of employees and the organization. A heavy responsibility rests on the shoulder of the management to develop durable and strong relationships between them. Companies expect workers to follow the rules according to the terms and conditions set for them. Employees in return expect fir pay, good working conditions, secure career, fair treatment, involvement in decisions and power. These expectations of both groups vary from company to company. For any business to deal with these expectations successfully a complete understanding of the employee motivation becomes necessary. (Beer et al, 1984 from pdf file motivation pak bank). It is usually that it is the organization and not managers that fail to hold managers responsible for creating motivation among the people. They fail to understand the role of motivation and its connection to job performance. One of the biggest challenges for HR is to persuade line managers to develop and manage people. These line managers should be able to build string and personal relationship with the employees through effective communication. There is a need for the line mangers to understand the nature of the employee and his subordinates and should be able to deal with the problems of workers effectively. A thorough understanding of the needs of the subordinates will eventually let the managers know what the employee aims for and what are their goals and objectives. They can then decide how to develop and implement strategies that will achieve the objectives of the company while letting the employees achieve their personal goals. Staff that is unmotivated will be reluctant to do their jobs quickly and efficiently and will only provide the minimal of what is required of them from the organization. It is important to know how well motivated staff will alter the levels of productivity and performance within a company, thus affecting the competitiveness of the business. A well motivated staff is not only able to increase productivity and performance but is also prepared to accept responsibility, willingly and happily. There is low labor turnover which reduces the business cost of hiring and training new labor. With a highly motivate staff, a business also benefits from low absenteeism rate and employees participate on making suggestions for improvements. (Peter) Theories of motivation and their significance in today world: There are many theories of well known theorists that deal with the factors that affect motivation. F. W Taylor- theory of scientific management. F.W Taylor proposed a theory of scientific management that emphasized that money is the motivating factor that affects the employees to the most. Scientific management defines a method of establishing an idea after studying, analyzing and recording performance at work, then altering working conditions and recording performance. This is the approach that Taylor used to establish his idea. This method of scientific management is still used in the companies today. Taylors theory was based upon the notion of economic man and he believed that when wages are based on output, it increases workers productivity. He maintained his belief that a fair days pay for fair days work is what motivated staff to do better. But critics also say that money moves the workers to work, not motivate them. The other renowned theory of theorist is the Elton mayo Hawthorne affect. He carried out some experiments with a group of line workers. Changes in rest periods, canteen food, assembly bench lay out were made at a particular interval. Before every major change, the upcoming change was discussed with the workers. At the end of the experiment when working conditions were returned to the original, it was noticed that the output rose far above the level before the experiment. He drew some conclusions from his work that is as follows: Alterations in financial rewards or changes in working conditions have little or no effect on a workers productivity When management consult with workers before any major changes are made that affects them, motivation is improved When some control over their own working lives is given to workers, there is improved motivation Groups can establish their own targets and goals, and these can be greatly influenced by the informal leaders of the group. Taylors approach is important but not widely held today. Many workers, now a days seek for a respectable job rather than a one which is not valued but is being paid. Workers who have money as their basic need still moves towards a job offering a handsome wage/salary but they are unable to be motivated and still continue the job for money. This reduces job performance and productivity is affected. Maslow- hierarchy of needs One of another major theorist that takes a good position among the motivation theorist is Maslow. He extensively wrote on the subject concepts of the hierarchy of needs. He became a leader of the humanistic school of psychology and looked at the needs of human beings arranged like a hierarchy. The Maslow theory consists of two parts. The first one concerns the classification of the needs and the second part relates theses needs with each other. Maslow arranged the needs in a pyramid. Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs that workers have. He suggested that these have to be fulfilled step by step. He identified and classified the basic needs that a human being has. The pyramid starts from physical needs that occupy the lowest level of hierarchy. The top level becomes the self actualization with three levels of needs in between. Maslow suggested that once a worker achieves the lower level of need, he strives for the next level. Management should be aware on what level their employees a re, and moving them trio next level, thus keeping him motivated for his job. The sequence of the Maslows pyramid is as follows: Physiological needs: these are the strongest needs. This is because if a person is deprived, the physiological needs would come first to fulfill his satisfaction. The physiological needs consist of needs like oxygen, clothing, food and shelter. These needs are the priority before any other class of need. Safety needs: this class of needs includes job security accompanied with a secured working environment. A sense of job security is essential for an employee to stay motivated towards his work with the addition of a hygiene environment with safe equipments if required. Love and belonging: the need of belonging and affection is necessary to overcome the feeling of loneliness. To overcome this, team work should be encouraged within an organization along with other social activities that instill in an employee a feeling of belonging and being a part of the organization. Esteem needs: this class of need is defined by the receipt of recognition of what the employee has achieved at work. There are chances that a worker may feel worthless and in valuable if he is not appreciated. This level of need can be achieved by the announcement of achievements publicly at events. Self actualization: this is the top level of the hierarchy. Very few workers have the potential to reach this level. This class defines need as to be given added responsibility with new challenges and promotions in his career. This theory has its own complications. Maslow did not suggest any criteria to measure which level of need has actually been satisfied. Each kevel is dependent upon the level below. The whole system might collapse if a level goes missing in between. It is also hard to say that a particular level is achieved of an employee and now the next level must be targeted. Adam- equity theory Another theory of motivation, widely recognized is the Adams equity theory of motivation. Adam proposed a very simple theory that suggested that employees balance their inputs against their out. The input is not only in the form of time that is put into work measured against the financial reward that is received as output but input also includes all the factors affecting working conditions and the worker at work. Similarly, output also includes the response, the recognition and the praise or the negative attitude experienced as a result of the job being done. The attitudes that lead to positive outcomes is repeated and attitude that lead to negative outcomes is avoided. It becomes difficult for the managers to know exactly what the employee perceives of the output against their input. Moreover inputs of the work and out puts of the work cannot be measured literally in order to calculate and balance both against each other. Herzberg- two factor theory But here our major focus would be on the Herzberg motivational theory that we desire to implement on our project. Herzberg (1923-2000) proposed a theory recognized by the world as the two factor theory. Herzberg, despite basing his research on just 200 professional workers, Herzbergs two factor theory and his conclusions has left the greatest impact on motivational practices. A survey was conducted through interviews and questionnaires that aim to know the following things: Identification of these factors that lead the workers to think very positively about their work and those factors that led them to think very negatively about their job. His conclusions reveled the following: Advancement, work itself, responsibility, achievement and the recognition for achievement were the factors relating to job satisfaction. Administration and company policy, salary, supervision, relationship with others and working conditions were these factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. These factors were termed as hygiene factors by Herzberg. Conclusions of Herzbergs work. Herzbergs two factor theory carried the hygiene factors and the motivators. Hygiene factors included working conditions, pay rates etc. these hygiene factors can eb improved in order to remove dissatisfaction from the jab but they will not help creating a motivated albor for ce. Herzberg argued that it was readily possible to move someone to do a job by paying him but it will not actually motivate him for doing the job. Similarly, he proposed that motivators, that are principles of job enrichment (encouragement, added responsibility, recognition), need to be in place to motivate the labor force to perform a task. These principles of job enrichment include Offering complete units of work: a typical mass production method only allows workers to assemble small units of a finished product. This is not motivating as the repetitive and small, invaluable task is not interesting. It also prevents workers to receive the appreciation and the importance what they are contributing to the production process. When workers are offered the complete tasks, it gives them the motivation to do a job effectively. It bears in them feeling of achievement of producing the goods themselves. Herzberg puts this idea as if u want your employees to perform a good job, offer them a good job. Feed back on performance: this communication enables workers to feel recognized and they are motivated to achieve more. A range of tasks: a range of tasks, when offered to workers is challenging and makes it interesting as their first experience if given them the first time. This provides the employees the opportunity to explore their abilities and provide incentive for the business to achieve the full potential of the workers. Analysis and evaluation of Herzberg work: As we will be implementing Herzbergs approach to her research, an analysis and evaluation of its work becomes necessary. Team working and delegation of complete tasks with much less close supervision is becoming increasingly popular in todays industrial world. Organization ensure effective communication is present between management and the workforce and this two way effective communication itself becomes a motivating factor. There is little doubt that that the increasing trend towards Herzberg approach is fast becoming popular, but many researchers who have used Herzbergs methods still argue and theory experimenting failed to arrive at such a clear cut conclusion. This wouldnt be wrong to hold Herzberg responsible for this evolution and this change would have been slower without the theories put forward by the Herzberg. Herzberg identified five main factors that resulted in job satisfaction. These factors can easily be identified in an organization and can be used for evaluation. The five main factors include achievement, recognition for achievement, responsibility, nature of work itself and advancement. These are the factors which can easily be identified if they exist in an organization. Similarly Herzberg gave five main factors that resulted in job dissatisfaction. These are termed as companys administration and policy, salary, supervision working conditions and relationships. This factor can easily be searched for in an organization to determine the effects of motivation. Service sector throughout the world is greatly dependent upon the human resource. Be it Habib bank ltd in Pakistan or RBS in Scotland, the banking sector and its success mainly depends upon the level of skilled, capable and most important motivated workforce. A motivated workforce does not only increase the performance at work but increased performance and satisfactory interaction among the clients and colleagues leads to high productivity. This in turn creates satisfied customers which forms the basis of success for any organization. Significance of motivation for commercial banks: Commercial banks are structures that are maintained and developed my human resources that ensure the delivery of a good service. The process that ensures the delivery of a good eservice is affected by the individual motivation of labor force whether skilled, unskilled, professional or unprofessional. The increased growth of service industry, commercial banks are struggling foe workers possessing the ability of providing quality service. And their labor is the best source if providing best services to their customers. Excellent services being offered and provided by the employees is able to create a positive perception among the eyes of the banking consumers. ( pdf file motivation pak bank petcharak 2004) Commercial banks play a vital role in the world wide economy. Research concludes that today it is becoming challenging for management in Pakistan to motivate their employees, especially those employed at commercial banks, to provide a quality service with increasing competitive market in the specified sector, i.e. commercial banks. The tough competition is making difficult to provide best of services to its clientele, thus satisfying their needs effectively. Theoretical frame work. Our research aims to find out the effectiveness of motivation strategies at HBL. To measure the effectiveness, the first step is to find out the variables that are creating motivation within the employees at HBL. Once the variables are identified a sample of 75 respondents will be selected from various departments of various posts, qualification and experience. These sample size is selected to determine the research question and research objective. The questionnaire will carry pout the research and will obtain the result that will identify the factors that create little or no, and high motivation among the employees. These factors when identifies will be classified under the motivators and the hygiene factors. These motivators and hygiene factors must be forming a part of the motivational strategy of the management at HBL that will effective or ineffective in creating motivation. The highly effective and the little effective will then be measured against the performance level of the workers when implemented. According to the results, those strategies will be labeled as successful or unsuccessful. For the unsuccessful strategies recommendations will be made . Research conducted through a questionnaire Identification of the factors affecting the level of motivation Identification of factors creating job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction Classifying them into hygiene factors and motivators Result on motivation result on motivation when When hygiene factors motivators implemented. implemented. Measure the effect Measure the effect on work On work performance performance. Employee motivation and work performance: Improving the work performance has always been and will continue to be the major concern of all businesses. It is the performance of work that creates satisfied managers and/or dissatisfied managers. The work performance has always been an important issue for the businesses as their success and failure depends upon the performance displays by their workforce. A manager when pays the employee, expects to return the worth of what is paid to him. In case of failure to do so, many workplace issues are created that managers then need to deal with. It is not always possible for managers to repay the accurately the input employee has put into work. This is because there exist no method to measure the input against the output wh9ich the employee receives or perceives. Failure to come up to the expectation results in demotivation. Is also seen, as described by the expectancy theory that workers expect according to what they see around. Now it becomes difficult for managers to know how they pe rceive their work output and it is compared to whose job. The performance at work is not only dependent upon the skills and abilities the worker possesses but there are many factors that exist which creates and leave an impact upon the performance of the employee. A well-motivated employee results in well performed job and an unsatisfied employee who is unmotivated towards his job naturally results in a poor job performance. But the question what motivates man to perform better has many answers. There are many motivational factors as discussed above that leaves an impact upon the motivation of the employees. When discussing and implementing the Herzberg theory, we see the hygiene factors create job satisfaction and not motivation but the motivators when placed creates motivation that results in a high performance of the job. For instance providing hygiene conditions at work place will not create motivation for the worker to perform the job but the satisfactory working conditions will make the employee continue the job a and not create a desire to do the job. Therefore a hygiene working environment will have no effect upon the performance of the job. But, if on the other hand, a worker is praised for his achievements and efforts, he will be happy and will be eager to achieve more, thus increasing his job performance. Increasing job performance includes increased productivity, putting in extra effort in the job and probably low absenteeism with happy workers who look at the golas and objectives of the company through which they can not only achieve their personal objective but companies goals become their goals and business objectives as their objectives. When performance at work is increased in any of the forms mentioned above, the company benefits from it. For a manufacturing business increased quality and quantity of it products will attract consumers which will benefit the company. In the service sector, a motivated staff will result in a cooperative and positive attitude and interactions with the customers and colleagues which will create thousands of satisfied customers. Customer service being very important in the service sector is completely dependent upon the attitude and behavior of the employees which is directly proportional to their motivation level. This motivation level is depended upon many factors like motivators described by Herzberg and others as described by many of the other renowned theorists. Linkage between objectives and questions with the theories and concept Research question/objectives Theories and concepts

Theme of Revenge in Ovids Metamorphoses Essay -- Ovid Metamorphoses E

Theme of Revenge in Metamorphoses    Revenge is a recurring theme in the book Metamorphoses. It is usually the cause of whatever transformation the stories are explaining. The gods are always avenging themselves and changing mortals into animals or plants so that they can prove their own superiority.    The first instance of a revenge transformation is when Jove turns Lycaon into a wolf. Lycaon met Jove in a mortal form but didn't believe that he was actually a god. Lycaon tried to kill Jove while he was sleeping. After that he boiled human flesh and tried to feed it to Jove. This is the reason for Jove's revenge and Lycaon's transformation.    Io was a young girl who Jove raped, and Juno had suspected this. Jove turned Io into a cow in the hope that Juno would not find out about the rape. Despite this transformation, Juno still thought that the cow was a girl. She asked Jove if she could have the cow, and he agreed, believing it would allay Juno's suspicions. Juno gave Io to Argus, to watch, because she was still skeptical of the cow's true identity. Because Argus protected Io, Jove could not get back to her. He sent Mercury to kill Argus. The murder of Argus convinced Juno that the cow was really Io. The jealous Juno drove Io mad. Io, in return, prayed to Jove to be turned back into a nymph. Finally Juno was satisfied with torturing Io and allowed the nymph to assume her true form.    Another example of revenge is when Mercury stole Apollo's cattle. The only person who saw the crime was a man named Battus. Mercury bribed the man with one of the cows so that he would not reveal what he knew. Mercury then tested Battus' word by changing his form and voice, and then going ba... ...evenge involving Hercules was when Juno bribed the goddess of childbirth to prevent Alcmena from delivering her baby, Hercules. Juno was jealous because Jove was the baby's father, and she wanted to make it as difficult as possible for Alcmena. The birth goddess crossed her legs, preventing the delivery of the child. Alcmena's servant, Galanthis, tricked the birth goddess into standing and Alcmena delivered the child safely. As punishment for the servant's deception, the birth goddess turned Galanthis into a weasel.    There are many examples of transformation and revenge in Ovid's book Metamorphoses. Revenge brings about transformation, whether the people are turned into animals, plants, monsters, constellations, or fish. All of the instances of revenge in Metamorphoses are important, and they play an important role in telling the story.   

Free Press and Democracy Essay

Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally and to have free access to information ideas and opinions, with this reasoning is inferred that de democracy needs free press in order to be function properly. The power of the press is associated to the fundamental principles of democracy that’s to say the freedom of expression and freedom of opinion. The desire of people to express themselves freely wouldn’t have been possible without a fully free press. The power of the press has managed to reach such importance as freedom of expression. Free press has the capacity to arms citizens with essential information-the truth, that gives people the opportunity to choose the path to follow and to have their own opinion when it comes to solve problems or take a side in the issues that will always take place in a society. An intimidated, uninformed and disinterested public would be the predictable result of the loss of freedom of the press. It is basic statement that to maintain a healthy democracy no government activity should escape the scrutiny of the press. According to one story, one of Napoleon’s contemporaries visited the United States as a guest of President Thomas Jefferson. Upon seeing a Federalist newspaper article lying on a table that heavily criticized Jefferson’s policies, the visiting Frenchman remarked that the writer of the article should be punished. Jefferson responded calmly, â€Å" Sir, you may take the newspaper back with you to France, because that is the difference between my country and yours.† The president, a great believer in freedom of the press, was telling his visitor that without this right, American would not be the country that it is. This was true in 1800, and is equally true today. The freedom to publish facts, even opposing opinions about those facts, is essential for informed voters to participate in a democracy. In a nutshell, it can be inferred with all this information that democracy and free press needs to come handy, together in order to give people the freedom that they deserve to take their own opinion in a determinate matter. In my opinion everybody have the right to take their own decisions and to have their own opinion in all aspects of live. Without free press there is no democracy, no freedom of choice.

About Plate Tectonics - Introduction and Overview

About Plate Tectonics - Introduction and Overview Geologists have an explanation- a scientific theory- of how the Earths surface behaves called plate tectonics. Tectonics means large-scale structure. So plate tectonics says that the large-scale structure of the Earths outer shell is a set of plates. (see the map) Tectonic Plates Tectonic plates dont quite match the continents and the oceans on the Earths surface. The North America plate, for instance, extends from the west coast of the U.S. and Canada into the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. And the Pacific plate includes a chunk of California as well as most of the Pacific Ocean (see the list of plates). This is because the continents and ocean basins are part of the Earths crust. But plates are made of relatively cold and hard rock, and that extends deeper than the crust into the upper mantle. The part of the Earth that makes up the plates is called the lithosphere. It averages about 100 kilometers in thickness, but that varies greatly from place to place. (see About the Lithosphere) The lithosphere is solid rock, as rigid and stiff as steel. Beneath it is a softer, hotter layer of solid rock called the asthenosphere (es-THEEN-osphere) that extends down to around 220 kilometers depth. Because its at red-hot temperatures the rock of the asthenosphere is weak (astheno- means weak in scientific Greek). It cannot resist slow stress and it bends in a plastic way, like a bar of Turkish taffy. In effect, the lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere even though both are solid rock. Plate Movements The plates are constantly changing position, moving slowly over the asthenosphere. Slowly means slower than fingernails grow, no more than a few centimeters a year. We can measure their movements directly by GPS and other long-distance measuring (geodetic) methods, and geologic evidence shows that they have moved the same way in the past. Over many millions of years, the continents have traveled everywhere on the globe. (see Measuring Plate Motion) Plates move with respect to each other in three ways: they move together (converge), they move apart (diverge) or they move past each other. Therefore plates are commonly said to have three types of edges or boundaries: convergent, divergent and transform. In convergence, when the leading edge of a plate meets another plate, one of them turns downward. That downward motion is called subduction. Subducted plates move down into and through the asthenosphere and gradually disappear. (see About Convergent Zones)Plates diverge at volcanic zones in the ocean basins, the mid-ocean ridges. These are long, huge cracks where lava rises from below and freezes into new lithosphere. The two sides of the crack are continually pulled apart, and thus the plates gain new material. The north Atlantic island of Iceland is the foremost example of a divergent zone above sea level. (see About Divergent Zones)Where plates move past each other is called a transform boundary. These are not as common as the other two boundaries. The San Andreas fault of California is a well-known example. (see About Transforms)The points where the edges of three plates meet are called triple junctions. They move across the Earths surface in response to the different motions of the three plates. (see Triple Junctions) The basic cartoon map of the plates uses only these three boundary types. However, many plate boundaries are not sharp lines but, rather, diffuse zones. They amount to about 15 percent of the worlds total and appear in more realistic plate maps. Diffuse boundaries in the United States include most of Alaska and the Basin and Range province in the western states. Most of China and all of Iran are diffuse boundary zones, too. What Plate Tectonics Explains Plate tectonics answers many basic geologic questions: On the three different types of boundary, plate movement creates distinctive kinds of earthquake faults. (see Fault Types in a Nutshell)Most large mountain ranges are associated with plate convergence, answering a long-standing mystery. (see The Mountain Problem)Fossil evidence suggests that continents were once connected that are far apart today; where once we explained this by the rise and fall of land bridges, today we know that plate movements are responsible.The worlds seafloor is geologically young because old oceanic crust disappears by subduction. (see About Subduction)Most of the worlds volcanoes are related to subduction. (see About Arc Volcanism) Plate tectonics also lets us ask and answer new kinds of questions: We can build maps of world geography in the geologic past- paleogeographic maps- and model ancient climates.We can study how mass extinctions are related to effects of plate tectonics such as volcanism. (see Extinction: On the Destiny of Species)We can examine how plate interactions have affected the geologic history of a specific region. Plate Tectonic Questions Geoscientists are studying several major questions about plate tectonics itself: What moves the plates?What creates volcanoes in hotspots like Hawaii that are outside subduction zones? (see A Hotspot Alternative)How rigid are the plates, and how precise are their boundaries?When did plate tectonics begin, and how?How is plate tectonics connected to the Earths mantle below? (see About the Mantle)What happens to subducted plates? (see The Death of Plates)What kind of cycle do plate materials go through? Plate tectonics is unique to Earth. But learning about it during the last 40 years has given scientists many theoretical tools to understand other planets, even those that circle other stars. For the rest of us, plate tectonics is a simple theory that helps make sense of the Earths face.

Graduate positions - Emphasis

Graduate positions Graduate positions For anyone graduating or with offspring who are graduating this year, you could be forgiven for thinking the future looks a little bleak. The average graduate salary is likely to stay frozen at 25,000 for the second year running, according to research by the Association of Graduate Recruiters. There are also fewer jobs to be had. And the best that can be said is that the number of vacancies hasnt fallen as sharply as predicted last year: the decrease was by just under nine per cent rather than the anticipated 25 per cent. But competition will be extra fierce this year, because the job-hunting class of 2010 will be joined by around 53 per cent of 2009 graduates, who are still vying for positions. Employers might welcome a bigger talent pool. But such a welcome is misplaced, at least according to one recruitment firm. This rise in the quantity of applications has not brought a rise in quality, says ClodaghBannigan, head of client services at Alexander Mann. So it seems that increasing the size of the talent pool has just diluted the talent. The advice is straightforward: the best approach is to carefully research roles and apply with thoughtful covering letters and tailored CVs. And, as ever, one of the first ways to guarantee your foot in the door (on the way to an interview) is to pay close attention to your writing. Remember the basics too. You might have an exceptionally well put-together CV, full of pertinent experience and encouraging insights into your person. But all that will mean nothing if your application is thrown out based on the typo in the first line. Literacy is a basic hard skill that prospective employers will look for evidence of in your resume. Typos, spelling mistakes and errors in punctuation and grammar can all indicate sloppy attention to detail and wont paint you as the kind of representative theyll want in their company. Until your interview, you are only as good as your paperwork (to quote the Recruitment Employment Confederation). But a great CV can get you a chance to prove you are the right person for the job. So make sure yours is: up to date well-structured and clearly laid out: it implies a logical and considered thought process full of objective, genuine evidence of your (relevant) experience and achievements written in simple language and short sentences: waffle will get you nowhere proofed, proofed and proofed again: check all grammar, punctuation and spelling, paying close attention to any contact details. Get someone else to check it too.

If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative Research Paper

If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative energy source, what will happen to the supply of corn's substi - Research Paper Example One would have expected the price of corn to decrease due to the increase in the quantity demanded, but this is a different and special case. The increase in the demand for corn would also lead to an increase in the price of corn oil as suppliers would want to take advantage of the market scenario by maximizing their profits. Suppliers are aware that consumers have no choice than to make use of corn as an alternative source of energy and they would increase the price. Thus, the increase in the demand of corn and the price of corn oil have a linear relationship in this case. In a typical scenario, the price elasticity of demand for corn oil would have an effect on the quantity-demanded of corn oil (O'Sullivan & Perez, 2010). Initially, people would buy the commodity and the suppliers would make good use of the rapid increase in demand by increasing the price. This increase in price would have an initial multiplying effect on the total revenue made by the sellers of corn oil. This incr ease in price would make cause people to look for other alternatives and when they eventually find another alternative, they would have no choice than to reduce the rate at which they demand for corn and choose the close substitutes (Jones, 2008).

French Arty of XIXth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

French Arty of XIXth Century - Essay Example From the clothes depicted, I try to make a guess about the period of the paintings, observe the facial expressions carefully to gauge the mood of the subjects and the painter. Paintings of live situations especially fascinate me. Market scenes, dance sequences, party scenes: these bring out the mood of the subjects remarkably well, as compared to inanimate objects, I feel. Of particular interest to me are the paintings by French impressionists. A chance visit to Tate Museum, London created an interest in me for works by French painters. The painting, A Woman o a Bench (1874) by Claude Monet caught my eye and made me feel that I had to carry out some research in this area. The lady sitting gracefully on a bench in the garden seems to be waiting for someone, yet seems so dignified in her waiting. There were hardly any problems faced in Tate Museum, other than the fact that I wanted to see some more paintings by French Impressionists. Next was a visit to the V&AMuseum. The museum is huge, very impressive and a treat for art lovers. Here I found a few paintings by French artists, but not many pertaining to my subject. As the museum concentrates on variety, the collections are vast and range from contemporary to historic exhibits of not only paintings, but sculptures and other works of art. French artists of the nineteenth century do not feature very prominently here. Thus, I was not able to gather much information about my topic of research here. (kindly check with someone who has visited the museum, as I didn't find much online). Next was a visit to The National Gallery. It is a true paradise for art lovers and a great place for Impressionist paintings. There is a formidable collection of paintings by French artists of the nineteenth century depicting the social orders of the period. I will be describing scenes from these paintings in the following paragraphs. Annotated Bibliography Various sources have been used in compiling this report. The annotated bibliography of these sources is given below: 'Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando', 1879. London, The National Gallery. DEGAS, Hilaire-Germain-Edgar 1834 - 1917 French Degas specialised in scenes of contemporary life, including dancers, entertainers and women at their toilette. He was a master of technique, and experimented with various media, including pastel. Degas remains popular today; his changing styles and preoccupations are well represented in the Collection. Degas exhibited from the beginning with the Impressionists in Paris. He was able to follow an independent path; his private income meant that he was not forced to attract buyers. Degas spent most of his life in Paris, abandoning his study of law in 1855 to train with the academic painter Louis Lamothe. In 1855 he studied at the cole des Beaux-Arts. He was in Rome 1856/7, and subsequently often travelled to Italy. He admired Ingres, but soon developed an Impressionist approach, under the influence of Manet, whom he knew well. 'Corner of a Caf-Concert', probably 1878-80. London, The National Gallery. Manet, Edouard was the elder statesman of the Impressionists, but never took part in their exhibitions. He continued to compete in the Salons where he sought approval all his life. His unconventional subject matter of modern life, and his free handling of paint made him an important precursor of

Strategic Information Systems ICT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Information Systems ICT - Essay Example In this scenario we are aimed at analyzing the basic issues regarding corporate information and data dealing. This kind of issues can emerge while transferring and dispatching and data and information. In addition, these issues can harm the corporate credibility and performance. In this scenario, the basic intention is to assess all the possible impacts that data security issues can place on the corporate market standing and customer relationship management. This research will compare and contracts the possible influences that a data or information breach can place on business. Here we will try to involve all possible stakeholders who can play role in the whole situation. However, major stakeholders that are involved in this scenario include business staff, outsider business rivals and hackers. These all categories will be inspected to assess their possible interest in business working and operational performance. I will make use of the drill down approach to assess and evaluate the overall working and performance related issues. These issues will be about the security and ethical aspects related. Part 2 Ethical Issues in ICT Assessing and determining the influence of a new technology, like that ICT could be extremely complicated task. In fact, ICT does not simply engage technological scenarios, however as well epistemology as the major part of ICT is information that demonstrates information, data and knowledge. In addition, ICT helps expand the capability of mankind to gather, process, store, recognize, utilize, develop, and distribute information at a speed as well as scale that had never been thought probable previously. Additionally, a number of influences as well as transformations of ICT are noticeable, however lots of are... This research aims to evaluate and present Ready Rural as a large size business corporation. Currently, the business deals with a lot of customers, supplier and involving stakeholders. There is a great chance of the security issues and privacy concerns such as loss of data and security at the corporate arrangement. In fact, the business data is transmitted and sent to a variety of people having major stack in business. In this scenario there is a chance of security breaches and privacy issues. Transactions are transferred and recorded in database of Ready Rural business at main data centers. The contents of e-communications and databases and other private information can be accessed by prohibited individuals and organizations if they are not strongly protected. The huge business setup of Ready Rural Business deals with a lot of business transactions every day. In this scenario there are greater chances of having some error during entry of data feeding level. In addition, the informat ion inserted into business databases is prone to device and human faults and error. Addition, the computer programs that execute different processes can hold thousands of issues and errors. As a result, these issues and errors are able to produce wrong as well as confusing information regarding organizations and individuals. Moreover, the information and programs errors might consequence in financial loss at Ready Rural Business, or even the loss of lives because Ready Rural Corporation has steel processing plant that has a really dangerous working environment.

Computerised quotation system Essay Example for Free

Computerised quotation system Essay The task that I am going to provide a solution for is to produce a computerised quotation system for S S Insurances. EXISTING SYSTEM: Thomas Davidson is currently a broker providing insurance for cars. At present he insures through a financial institution, S S Finances. He is a broker working for the insurance company S S Insurances. He has worked with many insurance companies in the past trying to find the best deal so that he can earn a good amount of profit. He finally made a deal with S S Insurances in which he can gain a good amount of commission. His job is to find customers who would like to buy insurance for their cars and he gains a commission of 7.5% for each customer to whom he sells a quote. He started his career as a broker approximately three years ago after being made redundant as a factory worker assembling car parts. He has no employees working for him at the moment. However his wife helps him with the paperwork when she can. Thomas works full- time from his home study, which is located in the heart of Streatham. In the past Thomas has had a lot of experience dealing with customers and clients. He now has a number of devoted customers who frequently contact him when the renewal for their car insurance is due. Thomas usually interacts with his customers over the phone from his study; sometimes however he does conduct business at the home of his customer to their convenience. When Thomas finds an interested client he firstly explains to the client everything that is involved in the quote. In order for Thomas to calculate the insurance quote, he uses a calculator, a record of tables with the insurance ratings provided by S S Insurances and his diary where he notes all the information down. The insurance ratings show a different variety of things the first table is the insurance group, which shows the basic cost for a car depending on the cars make, price and power. The more expensive and powerful the car, higher the basic cost. Thomas then adjusts the basic cost by multiplying it by various factors, which could affect the insurance. Age is also a factor, the older the driver is, the less they are considered as a risk. Sex is also a factor; a female is considered as a less of a risk than males. The area you live in is also a criterion which Thomas considers before issuing an insurance quote, if you live in a high risk sensitive area you are likely to pay more. The customer can then choose what type of insurance he would like; third party only, third party fire and theft or fully comprehensive. The insurance also offers an extra driver criterion, which can be added at an increased cost. Thomas then offers a discount to the customers if they have had no claims varying from the past year or five years. Thomas then calculates the quote by multiplying the basic cost with all the factor multipliers and seeing if they can get a discount and then giving the customer the final result. Thomas writes all of the things discussed and quotations in his diary. If the client agrees to go ahead with the quote after hearing the final cost, Thomas makes a word- processed quote, which he then sends to S S Insurances. From there S S Insurances make the actual policy and then send it directly to the customer. Thomas does possess a computer and laptop at home, which his children use for educational purposes. Thomas has very little knowledge about using computers, however to produce the insurance quotes which are word-processed his daughter helps him and recently Thomas has started to produce the quotes by himself since he is gradually learning to use a computer, even though he is slow with the typing. Thomas makes hand-written notes about all his clients, their details and policies, which is time consuming and can get tiring and boring despite having a computer due to his lack of computer skills. Furthermore sometimes Thomas wife also helps him with the paperwork, if there are too many customers wishing to have a quote ready. Thomas says that most of his customers find out about his business by word of mouth or from the consequence of the advert he has placed in the local newspaper, if he could he would also like to attract more customers to increase the standard of his living. Thomas Davidson finds the existing manual way he issues quotes prolonged and exhausting and would like to automate the system. He would also prefer to make more use of his laptop, however his lack of computer skills is a problem and therefore would like to be able to issue quotes on a simple and straightforward system. He would also like to automate the system so that it would be much faster to issue quotes and therefore would not have to spend too much time doing things manually. At the moment he hardly gets anytime to spend with his children especially when there is a heavy workload. Thomas feels that if he were able to get the system to be computerised he would like to employ some staff and expand and preferably shift into an office. He would also like to work with more than one insurance company at the same time if possible in the near future. CONSTRAINTS: There are not many constraints however there are a few which are important. My user Thomas Davidson has no experience of using a computer except for possessing basic typing skills. This means the system will have to be easy and simple to use and understand. Another constraint is time, although my user does not want the system to be made immediately or as soon as possible. However he would like the computerised system to be created soon so that he can use it and update all his handwritten manual notes onto the system and be able to use it with future clients. USER REQUIREMENTS: My user is Thomas Davidson, who is a broker for S S Insurances for whom I will be creating a computerised quotation system. He would like the following requirements to be taken into account. * To be able to see the total cost of the insurance quote. * To be able to see the total cost of the insurance quote before a discount is given. * To be able to print the quotation. * To make sure that system is safe and secure. * To be able to see the details of all the customers such as; forename, surname, age, and the type of insurance they would like. * To be able to store the issued quotes so that they can be used at a later date. * To enable phone enquiries to be dealt much quickly. * To make the system user- friendly. * To make sure the data entered is accurate. * To make the system look professional, systematic and organised. QUANTITATIVE OBJECTIVES: * To use a formula to work out the total cost of the insurance quote. * To use another formula to work out the cost of the quote excluding the discount. * To be able to print multiple copies of the quotes. * To make the system password protected so a password will be needed in order to enter the system. * To make sure the details about the customers names, surnames, addresses, age and other details can be seen. * To be able to use a command button so data can be stored. * To use drop down boxes to be able to select options. QUALITATIVE OBJECTIVES: * To make the system user- friendly I will create a user interface so that it is easy to move around the system. * To make the system look professional and organised. PERFORMANCE CRITERIAS: * The system should be able to use a formula in order to work out the total cost of the insurance quote. * The system should be able to use a calculation in order to work out the cost of the insurance excluding the discount. * The system should be able to print multiple copies of the insurance quotation. * The system should be password enable, so a password will be needed in order to access the system to make sure the system is safe. * The system should show all the details about the customers such as names, surnames, addresses and other details. * The system should be able to store the issued quotes so that they can be used at a later date. * The system should have drop down boxes so the user can select options quickly and easily. NEW SYSTEM: HARDWARE: In order to computerise the quotation system I will need a Windows XP computer. I will also need a QWERTY keyboard and a mouse in order to input the data into the spreadsheet. I will be using the hard drive to save the spreadsheet on an internal storage. I will also be saving the spreadsheet on an external storage such as CR-RW so that I have a back- up copy of the data in case the original copy is deleted I will still have another copy. I will also be using a VDU (visual display unit) to see the spreadsheet. I will also be using a printer to print out the quotes so that the user can see them and then send them to S S Insurances. SOFTWARE: In order to produce the car insurance quotation system I will be using spreadsheet software for many reasons. In a spreadsheet I can use many of the features which will enable me to produce an efficient quotation system. I can use macros, list boxes, combo boxes, V Lookup, IF statements and other features in the system. There is other software such as a word- processor or a database but they are not suitable for this quotation system. Although you can make tables and do basic calculations they are only limited as they are not mainly designed for that purpose. I will be using Microsoft Excel 2003 as I do not have any other spreadsheet software available on my computer. I will also use it as I am more familiar with it as I have used it many times in the past. SECURITY: I will need to make sure the spreadsheet I create will be kept safe and secure. I will need to make sure the data is secure as I will need to follow the Data Protection Act 1998. In order to comply with the law I will keep the data safe by having cell protection so if anyone other than me or the user accesses the data he will need to enter the password in order to alter the information. I will also keep a backup copy of the system so if the user loses the original copy he will still have another backup copy. INPUT, PROCESSES AND OUTPUT: Input: I will input all the data required using a keyboard into the spreadsheet. The input data I will need in order to produce the quotation system are all the customer details and the headings. I will require the following specific data about the customers: forename, surname, address, sex, model and make of the car. I will also need the age of the driver, which will be in a grouped arrangement e.g. 17- 19 or 60- 65. The type of insurance the driver wants will also be required whether it is, fully comprehensive, third party only or third party fire and theft. I will abbreviate the type of insurance to make it shorter so it would be much quicker to type and also easier. I will also need to know what type of area the driver lives in, as this could be a risk factor, low, medium or high. I will also need to know if the driver would like to state an extra driver or not. I will also need to know the number of claims the driver has made in the past 4 years and whether he is eligible for a discount. The other details I will need to know is about the insurance and which rating the cars are allocated according to their power and cost. I will also need to know about the multipliers so that I can work what I need to multiple the costs, these will be allocated to the sex, age of driver, risk of area and insurance and type. The final detail I will need to know are the number of penalty points the customer has, as having more conviction point will increase the cost of the insurance quote. Processes: In order to create the quotation system I will need to carry out a number of processes with the input data in order to produce the output. The fixed data will be the data that I will not change on the spreadsheet such as the main headings e.g.: forename, surname, address. The variable data will be the data that will change. The data that will need to be changed are all the details about the customer and his car. In order to fulfil the following user requirements I will carry out a number of processes: * To be able to see the total cost of the insurance quote and to be able to see the total cost of the insurance quote before a discount is given. I will be using a formula to calculate the total costs of the quote and also to work out the cost excluding the discount. I will be using a simple Auto sum calculation in order to do this. In order to work out the total cost I will need to use a V Lookup formula. A V Lookup searches for a value in the leftmost column of a table, and then returns a value in the same rows from a column you specify in the table. I will be using a V Lookup formula since I will having different things on different sheets it will need to lookup the values in other cells. * To be able to print the quotation. In order to do this the user can use the menu options on the toolbar however to make it easier for the user I will have a macro. * To make sure that system is safe and secure. In order to keep the data safe I will be using cell protection. I will be keeping a password so when someone accesses the file he will be prompted to enter the password. If the password entered is correct he will gain access and be able to change the data. However if an incorrect password is entered an error message will appear informing the user he cannot gain access. * To be able to see the details of all the customers such as; forename, surname, age, and the type of insurance they would like. In order to do this I will have a sheet where the details about the customer can be seen. * To be able to store the issued quotes so that they can be used at a later date. In order to do this I will be using macros. Macro is a feature that stores a series of commands so that the user can use them with a single command. I will be using macros for various things such as printing the quote, storing the quotes, to view the quotes and other tasks. * To enable phone enquiries to be dealt much quickly. In order to fulfil this requirement I will be using a variety of buttons to make it easier for the user. Option buttons are used for choosing one item from a list of options, where you can select one option button at a time. I will be using them so the user can select the sex of the driver, either male or female. Combo boxes can also be called drop- down boxes, which offer a number of choices to the user, one of which maybe selected. I will be using a combo box so that my user can select the drivers car. By selecting on the drop- down arrow will provide the models of the cars. A list box and combo boxes are alike however a list box shows the choices available without having to click on the arrow. I will be using a list box for the risk assessment of the area and type of insurance, as there are only three options from which the user can select. A check box is a box, which can either be selected or unselected, when you click on the box a tick appears in the box. I will be using a check box for the declaration of the extra driver. A spinner is made up of two arrows, one point up and the other down. By clicking on the up arrow increases the value and the down arrow decreases the value. I will be using the spinner to choose the number of years the driver has made no claims. I will also be using IF statements in order to see the values of the check box which will check whether the customer would like an extra driver. * To make the system user- friendly. In order to make the printed quote professional and organised I will be adding the name of the company, address, telephone numbers and the company logo at the top. I will also arrange all the information into sections and add colour to make it look more attractive. I will create the macros into buttons so the user can quickly carry the tasks. I will also add a front end to the system. A front end is the name given to the user-friendly interface that will appear on the screen when the file is loaded. It will provide the user with a number of options. Once the data has been entered I will need to rename the worksheets and insert a defined name for certain data which will be used in calculations. Output: The output will be the full quote details, which will be on the screen of the computer showing the customer name, address, car details, and the cost of the insurance and without the discount. The output on the screen will also show the macros, which can be used to navigate around the system. The other output will be the fully modified and professional printed quote that will show the company logo along with the companys address and contact numbers. It will also show the issue date, all the details about the quote and the expiry date of the quote.